Oslo Airport, Gardermoen: Difference between revisions

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{{redirect|Gardermoen}}
'''Oslo Airport'''
{{redirect|Oslo Airport}}
Airport code OSL [[Gardermoen, Norway|Gardermoen]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox airport
| name        = Oslo Airport
| nativename  = {{smaller|''{{lang|no|Oslo lufthavn}}''}}
| image        = OSLlogo.png
| image-width  = 150
| image2      = Oslo Lufthavn flyfoto.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| IATA        = OSL
| ICAO        = ENGM
| type        = Public
| operator    = Oslo Lufthavn AS (part of [[Avinor]])
| city-served  = [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]
| location    = [[Gardermoen, Norway|Gardermoen]], [[Ullensaker]], [[Akershus]] (Part of runway 19L and 01R is located in [[Nannestad]])
| hub          = <div>
*[[Norwegian Long Haul]]
*[[Norwegian Air Shuttle]]
*[[Novair]]
*[[Scandinavian Airlines]]
*[[Widerøe]]
</div>
| metric-elev  = <!--no: AIP displays elevation in feet-->
| elevation-f  = 681
| elevation-m  = 208
| website      = [http://www.osl.no/en/osl osl.no]
| coordinates  = {{coord|60|12|10|N|011|05|02|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map            = Norway Akershus
| pushpin_label          = '''OSL'''
| pushpin_map_caption    = {{larger|Location in [[Akershus]] county{{hidden begin|title=Location of Akershus in Norway}}[[File:Norway Counties Akershus Position.svg|220px|center]]{{hidden end}}}}
| metric-rwy  = yes
| r1-number    = 01L/19R
| r1-length-m  = 3,600
| r1-length-f  = 11,811
| r1-surface  = Asphalt/concrete
| r2-number    = 01R/19L
| r2-length-m  = 2,950
| r2-length-f  = 9,678
| r2-surface  = Asphalt/concrete
| stat-year    = 2015
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data  = 24,678,165
| stat2-header = International
| stat2-data  = 13,760,670
| stat3-header = Domestic
| stat3-data  = 10,917,495
| stat4-header = Aircraft movements
| stat4-data  = 234,974
| stat5-header = Cargo (tonnes)
| stat5-data  = 133,559
| footnotes    = Source:<ref name="aip_engm">
{{cite web
|title=ENGM – Oslo
|work=AIP Norge/Norway
|publisher=Avinor
|at=AD 2 ENGM
|url=https://www.ippc.no/norway_aip/current/AIP/AD/ENGM/EN_AD_2_ENGM_en.pdf
|date=31 May 2012
|accessdate=23 August 2012
|format=PDF
}}</ref><ref name=stats />
}}


'''Oslo Airport''' ({{lang-no|Oslo Lufthavn}}; {{airport codes|OSL|ENGM|p=n}}) is the main international airport serving [[Oslo]], the [[capital city|capital]] of and [[List of towns and cities in Norway|most populous city]] in Norway. Oslo is also served by the low-cost [[Sandefjord Airport, Torp|Torp]] airport. Oslo Airport is the main domestic [[airline hub|hub]] and [[international airport]] for Norway, and is the [[List of the largest airports in the Nordic countries|second-busiest]] airport in the Nordic countries. A hub for [[Scandinavian Airlines]], an operating base for [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]], and a [[focus city]] for [[Widerøe]], it connects to 28 domestic and about 115 international destinations.<ref name="directflights">{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/en/osl/flighttimetables |title=Flight timetables |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn |accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> Almost 24.7 million passengers traveled through the airport in 2015, making it the [[list of the busiest airports in Europe|nineteenth-busiest]] airport in Europe.


The airport is located {{convert|19|NM|lk=in}} northeast of Oslo, at [[Gardermoen, Norway|Gardermoen]] in the municipality of [[Ullensaker]], in [[Akershus]] county.<ref name="aip_engm" /> It has two parallel roughly north–south [[runway]]s measuring {{convert|3600|m|ft|0}} and {{convert|2950|m|ft|0}} and 71 aircraft stands, of which 34 have [[jet bridge]]s. The airport is connected to the city center by the high-speed railway [[Gardermoen Line]] served by [[Norwegian State Railways|mainline trains]] and [[Flytoget]]. The percentage of passengers using public transport to get to and from the airport is one of the highest in the world at nearly 70%.<ref name="Avinor">{{cite web |url=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/no/oslo-lufthavn/news/rekordhoey-kollektivandel-i-tilbringertransporten-til-oslo-lufthavn-160361 |title=Rekordhøy kollektivandel i tilbringertransporten til Oslo Lufthavn |author=[[Avinor]] |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2016-04-19}}</ref> The ground facilities are owned by Oslo Lufthavn AS, a subsidiary of the state-owned [[Avinor]]. Also at the premises is [[Gardermoen Air Station]], operated by the [[Royal Norwegian Air Force]]. An expansion with a new terminal building and a third pier is scheduled to open in 2017. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/osl/micro/OSL2017/259214 |title=Om prosjektet (Norwegian) |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn |accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> Oslo Airport is the largest and busiest of three major international airports located around Oslo.
[[Category:Airport]]
 
[[Category:Norway]]
The airport location was first used by the [[Norwegian Army]] from 1940, with the first military airport facilities being built during the 1940s. The airport remained a secondary reserve and airport for chartered flights to [[Oslo Airport, Fornebu]] until 8 October 1998, when the latter was closed and an all-new Oslo Airport opened at Gardermoen, costing 11.4 billion [[Norwegian krone]]r (NOK).
[[Category:Akershus]]
 
{{2008}}
==History==
 
===Military and secondary===
[[File:Soldiers at Gardermoen, 1904.jpg|thumb|Gardermoen in 1904, while it was still an army camp]]
The Norwegian army started using Gardermoen as a camp in 1740, although it was called Fredericksfeldt until 1788. It was first used by the cavalry, then by the dragoons and in 1789 by the riding marines.<!--Ridende Jegerkorps--> The base was also taken into use by the infantry from 1834 and by the artillery from 1860. Tents were solely used until 1860, when the first barracks and stalls were taken into use. Isolated buildings were built around 1900, allowing the camp to be used year-round. By 1925, the base had eleven camps and groups of buildings.<ref name=bredal100>Bredal, 1998: 100</ref> The first flight at Gardermoen happened in 1912, and Gardermoen became a station for military flights. However, only fields and dirt surfaces were used.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 13</ref>
 
During the [[occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany]], the ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' took over Gardermoen, and built the first proper airport facilities with hangars and two crossing runways, both {{convert|2000|m}} long. After [[World War II]], the airport was taken over by the Norwegian Air Force and made the main air station. Three fighter and one transport squadron were stationed at the Gardermoen.<ref name=bredal100 />
 
In 1946, [[Braathens|Braathens SAFE]] established their technical base at the airport, but left two years later. Gardermoen also became the reserve airport for Oslo Airport, Fornebu, when the latter was closed due to fog. From 1946 to 1952, when a longer runway was built at Fornebu, all intercontinental traffic was moved to Gardermoen. Gardermoen grew up as a training field for the commercial airlines and as local airport for [[general aviation]]. Some commercial traffic returned again in 1960, when SAS received its first [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] jet aircraft, that could not use the runway at Fornebu until it was extended again in 1962. SAS introduced a direct flight to New York in 1962, but it was quickly terminated.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 14–16</ref>
 
In 1972, capacity restraints forced the authorities to move all charter traffic from Fornebu to Gardermoen. However, SAS and Braathens SAFE were allowed to keep their charter services from Fornebu, so they would not have to operate from two bases.<ref>Wisting, 1989: 63–65</ref> A former hangar was converted to a terminal building and in 1974 passenger numbers were at 269,000 per year. In 1978, SAS started a weekly flight to New York. In 1983, further restrictions were enforced, and also SAS and Braathens SAFE had to move their charter operations to Gardermoen, increasing passenger numbers that year to 750,000. Several expansions of runway were made after the war, and by the 1985-extension the north-south runway was {{convert|3050|m}}.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 16</ref>
 
===Localization debate===
{{Main article|Oslo Airport localization controversy}}
The first airports to serve Oslo was [[Kjeller Airport]] that opened in 1912 and [[Gressholmen Airport]] that served seaplanes after its opening in 1926.<ref>Wisting, 1989: 13–20</ref> Norway's first airline, [[Det Norske Luftfartrederi]], was founded in 1918 and the first scheduled fights were operated by [[Deutsche Luft Hansa]] to Germany with the opening of Gressholmen.<ref>Wisting, 1989: 30</ref> In 1939, a new combined sea and land airport opened at [[Oslo Airport, Fornebu|Fornebu]].<ref>Wisting, 1989: 35–41</ref> It was gradually expanded, with a runway capable of jet aircraft opening in 1962 and a new terminal building in 1964. But due to its location on a peninsula about {{convert|8|km}} from the city center and close to large residential areas, it would not be possible to expand the airport sufficiently to meet all foreseeable demand in the future.<ref>Wisting, 1989: 58–61</ref> Following the 1972 decision to move charter traffic to Gardermoen, politicians were forced to choose between a "divided solution" that planners stated would eventually force all international traffic to move to Gardermoen, or to build a new airport.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 17–18</ref>
 
[[File:OSLpass.JPG|thumb|Passport control]]
Gardermoen had been proposed as a main airport for Oslo and Eastern Norway as early as 1946, both by the local newspaper ''[[Romerikes Blad]]'' and by [[Ludvig G. Braathen]], who had just founded Braathens SAFE.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 14</ref> In 1970, a government report recommended that a new main airport be built at [[Hobøl]], but stated that the time was still not right. The areas were therefore reserved.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 19</ref> During the 1970s, it became a political priority by the socialist and center parties to reduce state investments in Eastern Norway to stimulate growth in rural areas.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 17–19</ref> In 1983, parliament voted to keep the divided solution permanently, and expand Fornebu with a larger terminal.<ref>Wisting, 1989: 80–83</ref>
 
By 1985, traffic had increased so much that it became clear that by 1988 all international traffic would have to move to Gardermoen. The areas at Hobøl had been freed up, and a government report was launched recommending that a new airport be built at Gardermoen, although an airport at [[Hurum]] had also been surveyed. However, the report did not look into the need of the Air Force that was stationed at Gardermoen, and was therefore rejected by the parliament the following year. In 1988, a majority of the government chose Hurum as their preferred location, and Minister of Transport [[Kjell Borgen]] withdrew from his position. In 1989, new weather surveys from Hurum showed unfavorable conditions. There were large protests from meteorologists and pilots who stated that the surveys were manipulated. Two government committees were appointed, and both concluded that there were no irregularities in the surveys.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 23–26</ref>
 
Since Hurum could no longer be used, the government again recommended Gardermoen as the location. The [[Conservative Party (Norway)|Conservative Party]] instead wanted to build at Hobøl, but chose to support the Labour Party government's proposal to get a new airport as quickly as possible. Parliament passed legislation to build the new main airport at Gardermoen on 8 August 1992. At the same time, it was decided that a high-speed railway was to be built to Gardermoen, so the airport would have a 50% public transport market share.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 28–29</ref>
 
[[File:Oslcheckin.JPG|thumb|left|Check-in area]]
The choice of Gardermoen has spurred controversy, also after the matter was settled in parliament. In 1994, Engineer [[Jan Fredrik Wiborg]], who claimed that falsified weather reports had been made, died after falling from a hotel window in Copenhagen. Circumstances about his death were never fully cleared up and documents about the weather case disappeared.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ij.no/skup/skupprisen/skup99utt.htm#wiborg_vaerrapporten |title=SKUP Prize 1999 |author=The Norwegian Institute of Journalism |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-25 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070324045258/http://www.ij.no/skup/skupprisen/skup99utt.htm#wiborg_vaerrapporten <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 24 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skup.no/Metoderapporter/1999/1999Gardermoen.htm |title=Wiborg and the Gardermoen weather report |author=Enghaug, Pål|language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-25|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The [[Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs]] held a hearing about the planning process trying to identify any irregularities. An official report was released in 2001.<ref name="whistle">{{cite web |url=http://www.whistleblowers.dk/live/uk_gardermoen.php |title=The political plotting of an airport |author=whistleblowers.dk |accessdate=2007-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.californiaaviation.org/airport/msg13587.html |title=Norwegian airport probe says court of impeachment must be considered |author=[[California Aviation Alliance]] |accessdate=2007-02-25}}</ref>
 
===Construction===
To minimize the effect of using state grants to invest in Eastern Norway, parliament decided that the construction and operation of the airport was to be done by an independent limited company that would be wholly owned by the Civil Airport Administration (today Avinor). This model was chosen to avoid having to deal with public trade unions and to ensure that the construction was not subject to annual grants.<ref name="Bredal, 1998: 39">Bredal, 1998: 39</ref> This company was founded in 1992 as Oslo Hovedflyplass AS, but changed its name in 1996 to Oslo Lufthavn. From 1 January 1997, it also took over the operation of Oslo Airport, Fornebu. The company was established with NOK&nbsp;200 million in share capital. The remaining assets were NOK&nbsp;2 billion from the sale of Fornebu and NOK&nbsp;900 million in responsible debt.<!--ansvarlig lånekapital--> The remaining funding would come from debt from the state. Total investments for the airport, railways and roads were NOK&nbsp;22 billion, of which Oslo Lufthavn would have a debt of NOK&nbsp;11 billion after completion.<ref name="Bredal, 1998: 39"/>
 
[[File:Oslo Airport TRS 030630 007.jpg|thumb|The west side of the terminal]]
At Gardermoen there was both an air station and about 270 house owners that had their real estate [[eminent domain|expropriated]] following parliament's decision. NOK&nbsp;1.7 billion were used to purchase land, including the Air Force. It was the state that expropriated and bought all the land and remained land owner, while Oslo Lufthavn leases the ground from the state.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 83–84</ref> The first two years were used to demolish and rebuild the air station. This reduced the building area from {{convert|120000|to|41000|m2}}, but gave a more functional design.<ref name=bredal104>Bredal, 1998: 104</ref>
 
Construction of the new main airport started on 13 August 1994.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 45</ref> The western runway was already in place, and had been renovated by the Air Force in 1989. A new, eastern runway needed to be built. A hill at the airport was blown away, and the masses used to fill in where needed. The construction of the airport and railway required 13,000 man-years. 220 subcontractors were used, and working accidents were at a third of the national average, without any fatalities.<ref>Bredal, 53–65</ref> The last flights to Fornebu took place on 7 October 1998. That night, 300 people and 500 truckloads transported equipment from Fornebu to Gardermoen. Gardermoen opened on 8 October 1998.<ref name="bredal42"/>
 
The airlines needed to build their own facilities at Gardermoen. SAS built a complex with {{convert|55000|m2}}, including a technical base, cabin storage, garages and cargo terminals, for NOK&nbsp;1.398 billion. This included a technical base for their fleet of [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|Douglas DC-9]] and [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]]-aircraft for NOK&nbsp;750 million. The cargo handling facility is {{convert|21000|m2}} and was built in cooperation with [[Posten Norge]]. SAS also built two lounges in the passenger terminal. Since Braathens had its technical base at [[Stavanger Airport, Sola]], it used NOK&nbsp;200 million to build facilities. This included a {{convert|9000|m2}} hangar for six aircraft for NOK&nbsp;100 million.<ref>Bredal, 170–173</ref>
[[File:Flyby of Gardermoen Airport OSL.JPG|thumb|left|Oslo Airport seen on flyby.]]
Parliament decided to build a [[high-speed rail|high-speed]] [[airport rail link]] from Oslo to Gardermoen. The {{convert|64|km|adj=on}} [[Gardermoen Line]] connects [[Oslo Central Station]] (Oslo&nbsp;)to Gardermoen and onwards to [[Eidsvoll Station|Eidsvoll]]. This line was constructed for {{convert|210|km/h}} and allows the [[Flytoget]] train to operate from Oslo&nbsp;Central station to Gardermoen in nineteen minutes. Just like the airport, the railway was to be financed by the users. The [[Norwegian State Railways]] (NSB) established a subsidiary, {{lang|no|[[Flytoget|NSB Gardermobanen]]}}, which would build and own the railway line, as well as operate the airport trains. The company would borrow money from the state, and repay with the profits from operation. During construction of the [[Romerike Tunnel]], a leak was made that started draining the water from the lakes above.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 137–141</ref> The time and cost to repair the leaks meant that the whole railway line budget was exceeded, and the tunnel would not be taken into use until 1 August 1999. Since the rest of the railway was finished, two trains (instead of the intended six), operated using more time from the opening of the new airport.
 
The main road corridor northwards from Oslo to Gardermoen is [[European route E6|European Route E6]]. The E6 was upgraded to six lanes north to Hvam, and to four lanes north to Gardermoen. The E6 runs about {{convert|6|km}} east of the airport, so {{convert|6|km}} of [[Norwegian National Road 35]] was upgraded to four-lane motorway to connect the E6 to the airport. This connection cost NOK&nbsp;1 billion. After the opening of the airport, National Road 35 was upgraded west of the airport as a two-lane toll road. Also [[Norwegian National Road 120]] and [[Norwegian National Road 174]] were upgraded.<ref name=bredalroad>Bredal, 1998: 141–146</ref>
 
===Opening and growth===
[[File:Gardemoen airport.jpg|thumb|[[Icelandair]] [[Boeing 757-200]] taxiing]]
The first new airline to start scheduled flights was [[Color Air]] operating [[Boeing 737-300]] jets.<!-- that started on ... --> The [[low-cost carrier|low-cost airline]] took advantage of the increased capacity that Gardermoen created to start competing with SAS and Braathens on the routes to Bergen, Trondheim and Ålesund. This lasted until October 1999, when Color Air filed for bankruptcy. During this time, all three airlines lost large amounts of money, mainly due to low cabin loads. To win the business market, all three wanted to have the most possible departures per day to other cities. {{Citation needed|date=August 2015}}
 
Gardermoen has had considerable problems with [[fog]] and [[freezing rain]], and has several times had a complete close-down. This was also a problem at Fornebu, and reported to be at Hurum as well. On average there is super cooled rain three times per month during the winter.<ref name="whistle" /> The use of [[deicing]] fluids is restricted since the area underneath the airport contains the Tandrum Delta, one of the country's largest uncontained quaternary [[aquifer]]s (underground water systems).<ref>http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGS02/06897/EGS02-A-06897.pdf</ref> On 14 December 1998, a combination of freezing fog and supercooled rain caused glaze at Gardermoen. At least twenty aircraft engines were damaged by ice during take-off, and five aircraft needed to make [[emergency landing|precautionary landing]]s with only one working engine.<ref name="whistle" /> On 18 January 2006, an [[Infratek]] deicing system was set up, that uses infrared heat in large hangar tents. It was hoped that it could reduce chemical deicers by 90%, but the technique has proved unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.travelnews.no/nyheter.asp?version=37870 |title=Infrared fiasco at Gardermoen |author=Travelnews |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928064518/http://www.travelnews.no/nyheter.asp?version=37870 |archivedate=28 September 2007 }}</ref>
 
In 1999, [[Northwest Airlines]] briefly operated a flight between Oslo and [[Minneapolis]]/[[St. Paul, MN]], United States, for several months, before the flight was cancelled due to poor load factors.<ref>{{cite news |url= |title=Bare Braathens kutter ruter i sommerprogrammet |last=Lillesund |first=Geir |agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]] |date=30 March 1999 |accessdate= |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= |title=Gardermoen er flyselskapenes mareritt |last=Moberg |first=Knut |work=[[Dagbladet]] |date=31 September 1999 |accessdate= |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Northwest had previously served the airport in 1987 with nonstop flights operated with [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40]] wide body jetliners several days a week to [[New York JFK]] with continuing direct service to [[Memphis]] (MEM) and Minneapolis/St. Paul (MSP).<ref>http://www.departedflights.com, Sept. 7, 1979 Northwest Airlines system timetable</ref>  In October 2001, the only remaining intercontinental flight, to [[Newark Airport]] (EWR), with [[Scandinavian Airlines]] (SAS) operated [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300]] aircraft, was discontinued, due to a slump in air travel following the [[September 11 Attacks|9-11]]. In 2004, [[Scandinavian Airlines]] and [[Continental Airlines]] resumed service on this route using [[Airbus A330]] and [[Boeing 757-200]] respectively. There are also regular connections with [[Pakistan International Airlines]] to Islamabad and Lahore, [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] to Bangkok, New York - JFK, Fort Lauderdale, Oakland (San Francisco), Los Angeles and Orlando with [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]] jetliners and Dubai, Agadir and Marrakech with [[Boeing 737-800]] jets, and [[Thai Airways]] to Bangkok, Qatar Airways to Doha, Emirates to Dubai. In 2012, the airport opened a new {{convert|650|m2|sp=us|adj=on}} VIP terminal exclusively used for the royal family, the [[Prime Minister of Norway|prime minister]] and foreign heads of state and government.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article2320705.ece |title=Skuddsikker terminal for de viktige |work=[[Dagens Næringsliv]] |date=31 January 2012 |language=Norwegian |accessdate=31 January 2012 |archivedate=31 January 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6570EwZgg |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
==Facilities==
[[File:OslDomCon.JPG|thumb|Terminal 1]]
[[File:OslConnect.JPG|thumb|Arrival and train-station]]
[[File:14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-469.jpg|thumb|Terminal]]
The airport covers an area of {{convert|13|km2}} and is modeled partially on [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport]], with two parallel runways and a single terminal with two piers on a single line.<ref name=bredal42>Bredal, 1998: 42</ref><ref name=bredal45>Bredal, 1998:45</ref> Non-commercial and practice general aviation is not operated at Oslo Airport, and is mainly done from [[Kjeller Airport]], [[Rakkestad Airport]] and [[Tønsberg Airport, Jarlsberg]].<ref>Bredal, 1998: 194</ref> Oslo Airport is located {{convert|19|NM|lk=in}} north-northeast of Oslo city center.<ref name="aip_engm"/>
 
===Terminal===
The passenger terminal covers {{convert|148000|m2}} and is {{convert|819|m}} long.<ref name=bredal42 /><ref name=bredal188>Bredal, 1998: 188</ref> The terminal area has 52 aircraft parking stands, of which 34 are connected with bridges and 18 are remotely parked.<ref name=bredal42 /> Domestic gates are located in the west wing, while gates for international flights are in the east, with gates for non-Schengen area flights at the very end of the wing. Four gates near the end of the east wing are flexigates where doors can be opened or closed to switch between Schengen and non-Schengen flights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osl.no/tridionimages/OSL_kart_juli_2013_tcm181-148496.pdf|title=Oslo Lufthavn|work=avinor.no|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref> EU controllers have been somewhat sceptical of the Schengen/non-Schengen flexigates, and there were a few incidents where the wrong doors were opened so that passengers who should have gone through the [[border control]] did not.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=9000793|title=Polakker ankom uten kontroll|date=18 July 2001|publisher=Verdens Gang|language=Norwegian|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> A new pier that will extend northwards from the terminal is under construction with a projected opening in 2017. To compensate for the gates lost in the interim period, an extra pier south of and parallel to the west wing was constructed in 2012 for domestic flights. This "pier south" has eight gates that all lack jet bridges, and was intended for demolition after five years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vg.no/forbruker/reise/reiseliv/hurra-naa-slipper-du-aa-busse-til-flyet-paa-gardermoen/a/10060201/|title=Hurra, nå slipper du å busse til flyet på Gardermoen!|last=Fonbæk|first=Dag|date=31 August 2012|publisher=VG|language=Norwegian|accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref> The current capacity of 23 million will soon be passed; in 2013, 22.9 million passengers used the airport.<ref name=stats /><ref name="oslinfo">{{cite web |title=Facts and figures |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn AS |url=http://www.osl.no/en/osl/aboutus/_press/30_Facts+and+figures |accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> The airport is "silent", so announcements for flights are only done in the immediate vicinity of the gate. There is a playground in both the domestic and international sections, and a quiet room in the domestic section. Medical personnel is stationed at the airport.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 188–190</ref>
 
Because of the airport's customs procedures for connecting passengers (the luggage has to picked up, shown to customs and checked in when connecting from international to domestic flights), some transit passengers are now avoiding Oslo Airport and finding other routing options when possible. The process of clearing customs before connecting from an international to a domestic flight is not unique for Oslo Airport, as it is the same process used at international airports in the United States and some other countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenbladet.no/innenriks/okonomi/Tollklarering-kan-bli-enklere-2865876.html|title=Customs May Be Simplified|language=Norwegian}}</ref>
 
About half the airport operator's income is from retail revenue. There are twenty restaurants providing food or drink service, in addition to stores and other services including banks and post. In all, {{convert|8000|m2}} are used for restaurants, stores and non-aviation services.<ref name="oslinfo" /><ref name="oslshop">{{cite web |title=Shops and dining |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn AS |url=http://www.osl.no/en/osl/shopsanddining |accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> The departure [[duty-free shop]] is {{convert|1530|m2}} and the largest in Europe. The shop is located in front of the international concourse, taking up a large part of the terminal's width.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/forbruker/article1038059.ece|title=Her åpner Europas største tax-free|last=Von Hanno Brockfield|first=Johan|origyear=12 May 2005|date=19 April 2009|publisher=[[Aftenposten]]|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref> The airport has attempted to funnel all passengers through the duty-free.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/reise/article2637154.ece|title=Her går du rett i taxfree-fella|last=Mikalsen|first=Knut-Erik|date=6 September 2008|publisher=[[Aftenposten]]|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref> Signs that were to hinder passengers from walking outside the duty-free were in 2008 removed after criticism.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/reise/nyheter/article2641640.ece|title=Taxfree-fellen blir fjernet|last=Mikalsen|first=Knut-Erik|date=8 September 2008|publisher=[[Aftenposten]]|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/reise/nyheter/article2675767.ece|title=Taxfree-fellen er fjernet|last=Mikalsen|first=Knut-Erik|date=28 September 2008|publisher=[[Aftenposten]]|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref> Arriving passengers have access to a smaller duty-free shop in the baggage claim area.
 
In addition to the main terminal, the airport operates its own VIP lounge for the [[Norwegian Royal Family]], for members of the Norwegian government and members of foreign royal families and governments.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article2320705.ece|title=Skuddsikker terminal for de viktige|date=31 January 2012|publisher=[[Dagens næringsliv]]|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2012-04-17}}</ref> The GA-terminal, located on the west side of the airport, services [[cargo airline]]s, [[Business jet|executive jet]]s and ambulance aircraft.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 194–195</ref> The airport is heated using [[district heating]] with a [[geothermal gradient|geothermal]] source. The airport uses 32.6&nbsp;GWh/year for heating and 5.6&nbsp;GWh/year for cooling. In addition, the airport uses 110&nbsp;GWh/year of electricity.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 110–111</ref>
 
===Art and architecture===
[[File:Oslo Lounge - Gardermoen Airport (2577859199).jpg|thumb|[[Oslo Airport]] lounge]]
Architects were Aviaplan, a joint venture between the agencies [[Nordic — Office of Architecture]], Niels Torp, Skaarup & Jespersen and Hjellnes Cowi.<ref name=bredal45 /> Main architect was [[Gudmund Stokke]]. The terminal building has a light, floating roof that gives a simple construction. First the walls were erected, and a roof put on top. Afterwards, internal facilities could be added. The roof is held up with wooden reefers. The main construction materials are wood, metal and glass. The airlines were required to follow the same design rules for their buildings as the terminal.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 45–50</ref>
 
The main art on the land side of the airport is ''Alexis'', consisting of six steel sculptures in stainless steel created by [[Per Inge Bjørlo]]. On the air side, [[Carin Wessel]] used {{convert|30000|m}} of thread to make the impression of clouds and webs, named ''Ad Astra''. [[Anna Karin Rynander]] and [[Per-Olof Sandberg]] cooperated in making two installations: ''The Marathon Dancers'', located in the baggage claim area, is a set of two electronic boards that show a dancing person. ''Sound Refreshment Station'', of which six are located in the departure areas, are sound "showers" that make refreshing sounds when a person is immediately under them. [[Sidsel Westbø]] has etched the glass walls. In the check-in area, there are small boxes under the floor with glass ceilings that contain curiosities. As well as the custom-made art, several existing sculptures and paintings have been bought.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 131–136</ref> At the National Road 35 and European Route E6 junction, [[Vebjørn Sand]] has built a {{convert|14|m|adj=on}} statue named the ''Kepler Star''. It consists of two internally illuminated [[Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron]]s, appearing like a giant star in the sky after dark.
 
===Runways and air control===
[[File:OSL tower.jpg|thumb|ATC tower]]
The airport has two parallel runways, aligned 01/19. The west runway 01L/19R is {{convert|3600|x|45|m|0}}, while the east runway 01R/19L is {{convert|2950|x|45|m|0}}.<ref name="aip_engm" /> Both have [[taxiway]]s, allowing 80 air movements per hour.<ref name=bredal42 /> The runways are equipped with [[instrument landing system#Ils categories|CAT IIIA instrument landing system]]<ref>Bredal, 1998: 175</ref> and the airport is supervised by a {{convert|91|m|adj=on}} tall [[control tower]].<ref name="oslinfo" /> Once departing aircraft are {{convert|15|km|0}} away from the airport, responsibility is taken over by [[Oslo Air Traffic Control Center]], which supervises the airspace with [[Haukåsen Radar]]. There are two ground radars at the airport, located on the far sides of each of the runways. Both at the gates and along the taxiways, there is an automatic system of lights that guide the aircraft. On the tarmac, these are steered by the radar, while they are controlled by motion sensors at the gate.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 179–181</ref>
 
There are three [[deicing]] platforms.<ref name="aip_engm_2-6">{{cite web |title=De-icing areas. Oslo Airport |work=AIP Norge/Norway |publisher=Avinor |page=AD 2 ENGM 2–6 |url=https://www.ippc.no/norway_aip/current/AIP/AD/ENGM/EN_AD_2_ENGM_2-6_en.pdf |date=17 November 2011 |accessdate=23 August 2012 |format=PDF }}</ref> Both [[fire station]]s each have three fire cars, and is part of the municipal fire department.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brann og redning – en viktig medspiller i nærmiljøet (Norwegian) |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn AS |url=http://www.osl.no/osl/omoss/_forvarenaboer/_nyheter?BRANN_OG_REDNING_%E2%80%93_EN_VIKTIG_MEDSPILLER_I_N%C3%86RMILJ%C3%98ET&id=181-52203 |accessdate=17 April 2012}}</ref> Meteorological services are operated by the [[Norwegian Meteorological Institute]], which has 12 weather stations and 16 employees at the airport. This includes Norway's first aeronautic information service and a self-briefing room, in addition to briefings from professionals.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 157–160</ref> Restrictions on air movements apply overnight from 23:00 to 06:00, although permitted if landing from and taking off to the north.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 181</ref>
 
===Air station===
{{Main article|Gardermoen Air Station}}
 
The [[Royal Norwegian Air Force]] has an air base at Gardermoen, located at the north side of the passenger terminal at Oslo Airport. The base dates from 1994 and houses the 335-Squadron that operates three [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]] transport planes. The airbase also handles nearly all military freight going abroad. The Air Force has a compact {{convert|41000|m2}} building space, with a maximum walking distance of {{convert|400|m}}. The station is built so that it can quickly be expanded if necessary, without having to claim areas used by the civilian section. The military also use the civilian terminals for their passenger transport needs, and send 200,000 people with chartered and scheduled flights from the main terminal each year.<ref>Bredal, 1998: 103</ref>
The airforce station serves as the main entering point for VIP's and officials going to Norway.
 
==Organization==
{{main article|Avinor}}
The airport is owned by Oslo Lufthavn AS, a limited company wholly owned by [[Avinor]], a state-owned company responsible for operating 46 Norwegian airports. In 2010, Oslo Lufthavn had a revenue of NOK 3,693 million, giving an income of NOK 1,124 million before tax. The profit from the airport is largely paid to Avinor, who uses it to cross-[[subsidy|subsidise]] operating deficits from smaller primary and regional airport throughout the country. At the end of 2010, Oslo Lufthavn had 439 employees.<ref name="ar2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/tridionimages/OSLO0070_Annual_report_2010April_tcm181-129205.pdf |title=Annual Report 2010 |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn |year=2011 |language=Norwegian |accessdate=17 April 2010}}</ref>
 
The company has a subsidiary, Oslo Lufthavn Eiendom AS, which is responsible for developing commercial real estate around the airport. It owns one airport hotel run by the [[Radisson Hotels|Radisson Blu]] chain, the office building and conference center Flyporten, which along with the hotel features 60 conference rooms, and the employee parking lot. A second hotel, Park Inn, was opened in September 2010.
 
==Airlines and destinations==
Oslo Airport is connected to 162 airports, of which 30 are domestic.<ref name="directflights" /> The two main domestic airlines to use Oslo Airport are [[Scandinavian Airlines|Scandinavian Airlines System]] (SAS) and [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]]. Oslo Airport's functions, along with the other two Scandinavian capital airports, as a hub for SAS, while it is the main hub for Norwegian. Domestically, SAS and Norwegian Air Shuttle both offer flights to fifteen primary airports.<ref name=norwegiankart>{{cite web |url=http://www.norwegian.no/fly/rutekart/ |title=Rutekart |publisher=[[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] |accessdate=19 January 2010}}</ref> In Southern Norway, the [[Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications|Ministry of Transport and Communications]] subsidizes the services to eight [[regional airport]]s based on three-year [[public service obligation]]s. From 2009 to 2012, these are operated by [[DAT Danish Air Transport|Danish Air Transport]] and its subsidiary [[DOT LT|Danu Oro Transportas]], and by [[Widerøe]].
 
A wide range of direct charter flights are offered from Oslo Airport, mostly to leisure destinations on the [[Mediterranean Sea]], but also to destinations as far away as Cancun in Mexico, Varadero in Cuba, Phuket and Krabi in Thailand. Large operators based at Oslo Airport include [[Novair]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.novair.net/se/channel5/channel5_1/ |title=Om Novair |publisher=[[Novair]] |accessdate=19 January 2010 |language=Swedish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708034805/http://www.novair.net/se/channel5/channel5_1/ |archivedate=8 July 2009 }}</ref> [[TUIfly Nordic]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tuiflynordic.se/viewtext.asp?UID=40ADA801-ED9E-4818-81BD-DC34A845C663&sessionID=&ID=131&level=1&curIndex=8&curIndex2=&curIndex3=&sessionBlack=true |title=Flotta og resmål |publisher=[[TUIfly Nordic]] |accessdate=19 January 2010 |language=Swedish}}</ref> and [[Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia]], although many others also fly.
 
===Passenger===
{{Airport destination list
|3rdcoltitle = Gates
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| [[Aegean Airlines]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Athens International Airport|Athens]] <br/> '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]] | D,E
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| [[Aeroflot]] | [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]] | F
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| [[Air Cairo]] | [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]], [[Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport|Sharm el Sheikh]] | F
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|[[Air Europa]] | '''Seasonal charter:'''  [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]] | D,E
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| [[Air France]] <br/>operated by [[HOP!]] | [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]] | D,E
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| [[Air Norway]] <br/>operated by [[North Flying]] | [[Ørland Airport|Ørland]] | A
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| [[Air Norway]] <br/>operated by [[North Flying]] | [[Aalborg Airport|Aalborg]] | D,E
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| [[airBaltic]] | [[Riga International Airport|Riga]] | D,E
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| [[Arkia]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion]] | F
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| [[Austrian Airlines]] | [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]] <br/> '''Seasonal:''' [[Innsbruck Airport|Innsbruck]] | D,E
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| [[BMI Regional]] | [[Aberdeen Airport|Aberdeen]] | F
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| [[British Airways]] | [[London-Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]] | F
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| [[British Airways]] <br>{{nowrap|operated by [[Sun-Air of Scandinavia|SUN-AIR]]}} | [[Aalborg Airport|Aalborg]], [[Aarhus Airport|Aarhus]], [[Billund Airport|Billund]] | D,E
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| [[Brussels Airlines]] | [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]] | D,E
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| [[Corendon Airlines]] | '''Charter:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]] | F
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| [[Czech Airlines]] | [[Vaclav Havel Airport Prague|Prague]] | D,E
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| [[DAT Danish Air Transport|Danish Air Transport]] | [[Stord Airport, Sørstokken|Stord]] | A
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| [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] | [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]] | F
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| [[Ethiopian Airlines]] | [[Bole International Airport|Addis Ababa]], [[Stockholm-Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]] (both begin 27 March 2017)<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/270092/ethiopian–s17–operation–changes–as–of–25nov16/|title=Ethiopian S17 operation changes as of 25NOV16|first=UBM (UK) Ltd.|last=2016|publisher=}}</ref> | F
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| [[Eurowings]] | [[Hamburg Airport|Hamburg]] | D,E
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| [[Finnair]] | [[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]] | D,E
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| [[Freebird Airlines]] | '''Charter:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]] | F
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| [[Iberia Express]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Barajas Airport|Madrid]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teinteresa.es/dinero/EXPRESS–ESTRENARA–GOTEMBURGO–PROXIMO–VERANO_0_1487251406.html|title=IBERIA EXPRESS ESTRENARÁ VUELOS A OSLO Y GOTEMBURGO EL PRÓXIMO VERANO|publisher=}}</ref> | D,E
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| [[Icelandair]] | [[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavik–Keflavík]] | D,E
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| [[Jet Time]] | '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Bodrum Airport|Bodrum]], [[Burgas International Airport|Burgas]], [[Catania International Airport|Catania]], [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Korfu Airport|Corfu]], [[Dalaman Airport|Dalaman]], [[Izmir Airport|Izmir]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]] | D,E,F
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| [[KLM]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]] | D,E
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| [[Korean Air]] | '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]] | F
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| [[LOT Polish Airlines]] | [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]] (resumes 29 March 2017) | D,E
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| [[Lufthansa]] | [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]] | D,E
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| [[Nordica (airline)|Nordica]] <br>operated by [[LOT Polish Airlines]] | [[Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport|Tallinn]] | D,E
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| [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] | [[Ålesund Airport, Vigra|Ålesund]], [[Alta Airport|Alta]], [[Andøya Airport, Andenes|Andøya]], [[Bardufoss Airport|Bardufoss]], [[Bergen Airport, Flesland|Bergen]], [[Bodø Airport|Bodø]], [[Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes|Harstad/Narvik]], [[Haugesund Airport, Karmøy|Haugesund]], [[Kirkenes Airport, Høybuktmoen|Kirkenes]], [[Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik|Kristiansand]], [[Lakselv Airport, Banak|Lakselv]], [[Molde Airport|Molde]], [[Stavanger Airport, Sola|Stavanger]], [[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]], [[Trondheim Airport, Værnes|Trondheim]] | A,B,C
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| [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] | [[Alicante Airport|Alicante]], [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Barcelona El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport|Belgrade]], [[Berlin Schönefeld Airport|Berlin–Schönefeld]], [[Billund Airport|Billund]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport|Gdańsk]], [[Geneva International Airport|Geneva]], [[Gran Canaria Airport|Gran Canaria]], [[Hamburg Airport|Hamburg]], [[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]], [[Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]], [[John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice|Kraków]], [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]], [[Gatwick Airport|London–Gatwick]], [[Svalbard Airport, Longyear|Longyearbyen]], [[Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]], [[Marrakech–Menara Airport|Marrakech]], [[Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Palanga International Airport|Palanga]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Paris–Orly Airport|Paris–Orly]], [[Poznan–Lawica Airport|Poznań]], [[Prague Ruzyne Airport|Prague]], [[Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari|Pristina]], [[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavik–Keflavik]], [[Riga International Airport|Riga]], [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome–Fiumicino]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]], [["Solidarity" Szczecin–Goleniów Airport|Szczecin]], [[Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport|Tallinn]], [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]], [[Vilnius International Airport|Vilnius]], [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]] <br> '''Seasonal:''' [[Agadir–Al Massira Airport|Agadir]], [[Ajaccio – Napoléon Bonaparte Airport|Ajaccio]], [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Bilbao Airport|Bilbao]], [[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport|Bordeaux]], [[Burgas Airport|Burgas]], [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]], [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Corfu International Airport|Corfu]], [[Dalaman Airport|Dalaman]], [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Faro Airport|Faro]], [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]], [[Madeira Airport|Funchal]], [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Ibiza Airport|Ibiza]], [[Cephalonia International Airport|Kefalonia]], [[Kos Island International Airport|Kos]], [[Lanzarote Airport|Lanzarote]], [[Aktion National Airport|Lefkas]], [[Lisbon Portela Airport|Lisbon]], [[Malta International Airport|Malta]], [[Menorca Airport|Menorca]], [[Murcia–San Javier Airport|Murcia]], [[Olbia – Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Galileo Galilei Airport|Pisa]], [[Pula Airport|Pula]], [[Rijeka Airport|Rijeka]], [[Salzburg Airport|Salzburg]], [[Santorini (Thira) National Airport|Santorini]], [[Sarajevo International Airport|Sarajevo–International]], [[Split Airport|Split]], [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]], [[Tivat Airport|Tivat]], [[Varna Airport|Varna]], [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice]], [[Verona Villafranca Airport|Verona]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/267131/norwegian–adds–seasonal–oslo–verona–service–june–august–2016/|title=Norwegian Adds Seasonal Oslo – Verona Service June – August 2016|first=UBM (UK) Ltd.|last=2016|publisher=}}</ref> [[Visby Airport|Visby]] | D,E,F
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| [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]]<br>{{nowrap|operated by [[Norwegian Long Haul]]}} | [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]], [[Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport|Fort Lauderdale]], [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Orlando International Airport|Orlando]]<br>'''Seasonal:''' [[Logan International Airport|Boston]], [[McCarran International Airport|Las Vegas]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airlineroute.net/2016/03/23/dy–osllas–w16/|title=Norwegian Adds Oslo – Las Vegas Service from Nov 2016|publisher=airlineroute|accessdate=23 March 2016}}</ref> [[Oakland International Airport|Oakland]], [[Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport|San Juan]] | F
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| [[Novair]] | '''Charter:''' [[Burgas Airport|Burgas]], [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Corfu International Airport|Corfu]], [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]], [[Dabolim Airport|Goa]], [[Gran Canaria Airport|Gran Canaria]], [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Cephalonia International Airport|Kefalonia]], [[Lanzarote Airport|Lanzarote]], [[Aktion National Airport|Preveza]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Santorini (Thira) National Airport|Santorini]], [[Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport|Sharm el–Sheikh]], [[Split Airport|Split]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aerocroatia.blogspot.com|title=AEROCROATIA|publisher=}}</ref> [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]], [[Zakynthos International Airport|Zakynthos]] | D,E,F
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| [[Novair]]<br>{{nowrap|operated by [[Scandinavian Airlines]]}} | '''Seasonal:''' [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]] | F
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| {{nowrap|[[Pakistan International Airlines]]}} | [[Benazir Bhutto International Airport|Islamabad]], [[Allama Iqbal International Airport|Lahore]] | F
| [[Pegasus Airlines]] | [[Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]] | F
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| [[Primera Air]] | '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Funchal Airport|Funchal]], [[Gran Canaria Airport|Gran Canaria]], [[La Palma Airport|La Palma]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://avinor.no/flyplass/oslo/#airport=SPC&active=cha|title=Oslo lufthavn – Avinor|publisher=}}</ref> [[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík–Keflavík]], [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]] | D,E
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| [[RusLine]] | [[Pulkovo Airport|Saint Petersburg]] | F
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| [[Ryanair]] | [[Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]],<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/267289/ryanair–closes–oslo–rygge–base–in–w16/?highlight=oslo|title=Ryanair Closes Oslo Rygge Base in W16|first=UBM (UK) Ltd.|last=2016|publisher=}}</ref> [[Vilnius Airport|Vilnius]]<ref name="auto1"/> | D,E,F
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| [[Qatar Airways]] | [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]] | F
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| [[Scandinavian Airlines]] | [[Ålesund Airport, Vigra|Ålesund]], [[Alta Airport|Alta]], [[Bergen Airport, Flesland|Bergen]], [[Bodø Airport|Bodø]], [[Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes|Harstad/Narvik]], [[Haugesund Airport|Haugesund]], [[Kirkenes Airport, Høybuktmoen|Kirkenes]], [[Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik|Kristiansand]], [[Kristiansund Airport, Kvernberget|Kristiansund]], [[Molde Airport|Molde]], [[Stavanger Airport, Sola|Stavanger]], [[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]], [[Trondheim Airport, Værnes|Trondheim]] | A,B,C
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| [[Scandinavian Airlines]] | [[Aalborg Airport|Aalborg]] (begins 28 March 2017),<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/269288/sas–adds–new–european–routes–in–s17/|title=SAS adds new European routes in S17|first=UBM (UK) Ltd.|last=2016|publisher=}}</ref> [[Aberdeen Airport|Aberdeen]], [[Alicante Airport|Alicante]], [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Barcelona El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Berlin Tegel Airport|Berlin–Tegel]], [[Billund Airport|Billund]], [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Düsseldorf International Airport|Düsseldorf]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport|Gdańsk]], [[Gran Canaria Airport|Gran Canaria]], [[Hamburg Airport|Hamburg]], [[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]], [[London Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]], [[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/251869/sas–adds–miami–service–from–late–sep–2016/|title=SAS Adds Miami Service from late–Sep 2016|first=UBM (UK) Ltd|last=2016|publisher=}}</ref> [[Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]], [[Prague Ruzyne Airport|Prague]], [[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík–Keflavík]], [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome–Fiumicino]], [[Stockholm–Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]], [[Svalbard Airport, Longyear|Longyearbyen]], [[Tallinn Airport|Tallinn]], [[Vilnius Airport|Vilnius]], [[Zurich Airport|Zürich]] <br/>'''Seasonal:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Biarritz Airport|Biarritz]], [[Burgas Airport|Burgas]], [[Cagliari–Elmas Airport|Cagliari]], [[Chania Airport|Chania]], [[Chios Island National Airport|Chios]], [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Faro Airport|Faro]], [[Gazipaşa Airport|Gazipasa]], [[Geneva International Airport|Geneva]], [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Kalamata International Airport|Kalamata]], [[Karpathos Island National Airport|Karpathos]], [[Kavala Airport|Kavala]], [[Kos Island International Airport|Kos]], [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]], [[Lisbon Portela Airport|Lisbon]], [[Malta International Airport|Malta]], [[Menorca Airport|Menorca]], [[Mytilene International Airport|Mytilene]], [[Olbia Airport|Olbia]], [[Palermo Airport|Palermo]], [[Pisa Airport|Pisa]], [[Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari|Pristina]] (begins 4 August 2017),<ref name="auto2"/> [[Pula Airport|Pula]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Salzburg Airport|Salzburg]], [[Samos International Airport|Samos]], [[Santorini (Thira) National Airport|Santorini]], [[Skiathos Airport|Skiathos]], [[Split Airport|Split]], [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]], [[Turin Airport|Turin]], [[Valencia Airport|Valencia]], [[Marco Polo Airport|Venice]] | D,E,F
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| [[SunExpress]] | [[Adnan Menderes Airport|Izmir]] | F
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| {{nowrap|[[Swiss International Air Lines]]}} | [[Zurich Airport|Zürich]] <br/>'''Seasonal:''' [[Geneva International Airport|Geneva]] | D,E
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| [[TAP Portugal]] | [[Lisbon Portela Airport|Lisbon]] | D,E
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| [[Thai Airways]] | [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]] | F
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| {{nowrap|[[Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia]]}} | '''Charter:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Banjul International Airport|Banjul]], [[Milas–Bodrum Airport|Bodrum]], [[Burgas Airport|Burgas]], [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]], [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Gran Canaria Airport|Gran Canaria]], [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Karpathos Island National Airport|Karpathos]], [[Kavala Airport|Kavala]], [[Kos Island International Airport|Kos]], [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]], [[Aktion National Airport|Lefkas]], [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport|Liverpool]], [[Sangster International Airport|Montego Bay]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport|Sharm el Sheikh]], [[Skiathos Island National Airport|Skiathos]], [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]], [[Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport|Varadero]], [[Varna Airport|Varna]] | D,E,F
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| [[Thomson Airways]] | '''Charter:''' [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]] | F
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| [[TUIfly Nordic]] | '''Charter:''' [[Alghero Airport|Alghero]], [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Burgas Airport|Burgas]], [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]], [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Corfu International Airport|Corfu]], [[Dalaman Airport|Dalaman]], [[Gran Canaria Airport|Gran Canaria]], [[Del Caribe "Santiago Mariño" International Airport|Isla de Margarita]], [[Kos Island International Airport|Kos]], [[Lanzarote Airport|Lanzarote]], [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Phuket International Airport|Phuket]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Samos International Airport|Samos]], [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]], [[Zakynthos International Airport|Zakynthos]] | D,E,F
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| [[Turkish Airlines]] | [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul–Atatürk]] | F
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| [[Vueling]] | [[Barcelona–El Prat Airport|Barcelona]]<br>'''Seasonal:''' [[Rome–Fiumicino]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adr.it/pax–fco–destinazioni?p_p_id=2_WAR_timetablesportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column–2&p_p_col_pos=2&p_p_col_count=3&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_airportIataFrom=FCO&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_airportIataTo=OSL&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_airport=OSLO%20(OSL)&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_carrierCode=VY&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_carrier=VUELING%20(VY)&dayFrom=&monthFrom=&yearFrom=&dayTo=&monthTo=&yearTo=&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_stops=true&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_stopsCheckbox=true&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_tabs1=rome–departure&_2_WAR_timetablesportlet_flightsSearchContainerPrimaryKeys=7483,7482|title=Destinazioni – Aeroporto di Fiumicino – Adr.it – Aeroporti di Roma|publisher=}}</ref> | D,E
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| [[Widerøe]] | [[Brønnøysund Airport, Brønnøy|Brønnøysund]], [[Florø Airport|Florø]], [[Førde Airport, Bringeland|Førde]], [[Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes|Harstad/Narvik]], [[Leknes Airport|Leknes]] (begins 3 April 2017),<ref name="wideroe.no">{{cite web|url=http://www.wideroe.no/Nyhetsarkiv/Tidenes–storsatsning–p–direkteruter–til–Lofoten–og–Helgeland/FECB24C1–8926–4669–921E–CB6BD2B86293/1|title=Flybilletter til Norge og resten av verden – fly med Widerøe|publisher=}}</ref> [[Mo i Rana Airport|Mo i Rana]] (begins 3 April 2017),<ref name="wideroe.no"/> [[Mosjøen Airport|Mosjøen]] (begins 6 April 2017),<ref name="wideroe.no"/> [[Røros Airport|Røros]], [[Sandane Airport, Anda|Sandane]], [[Sandnessjøen Airport, Stokka|Sandnessjøen]], [[Sogndal Airport, Haukåsen|Sogndal]], [[Svolvær Airport|Svolvær]] (begins 6 April 2017),<ref name="wideroe.no"/> [[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]], [[Trondheim Airport, Værnes|Trondheim]],<ref name="dfly.no">https://www.dfly.no/nye–widroeruter–fra–oslo–i–sommer/</ref> [[Ørsta–Volda Airport, Hovden|Ørsta/Volda]] <br> '''Seasonal:''' [[Molde Airport|Molde]], [[Stokmarknes Airport|Stokmarknes]] (begins 24 June 2017)<ref name="wideroe.no"/> | A
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| [[Widerøe]] |[[Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport|Gothenburg]] | D,E
}}
 
===Cargo===
{{Airport destination list
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|[[AirBridgeCargo Airlines]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]],<ref name="mynewsdesk.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.mynewsdesk.com/uk/oslo-lufthavn/news/airbridge-cargo-makes-avinor-oslo-airport-the-scandinavian-hub-for-air-cargo-195588|title=AirBridge Cargo makes Avinor Oslo Airport the Scandinavian hub for air cargo|publisher=}}</ref> [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]]<ref name="mynewsdesk.com"/>
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|[[Amapola Flyg]] | [[Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport|Gothenburg–Landvetter]], [[Maastricht Aachen Airport|Maastricht]], [[Malmö Airport|Malmö]]
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| [[Asiana Airlines|Asiana Cargo]] | [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]]
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| [[ASL Airlines Belgium]] | [[Liège Airport|Liège]], [[Hannover Airport|Hannover]]
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| [[Cargolux]] | [[Luxembourg Findel Airport|Luxembourg]],<ref name="mynewsdesk.com1">{{cite web|url=https://www.mynewsdesk.com/uk/oslo-lufthavn/news/cargolux-launches-cargo-route-at-avinor-oslo-airport-194227|title=Cargolux launches cargo route at Avinor Oslo Airport|publisher=}}</ref> [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]]<ref name="mynewsdesk.com1"/>
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| [[DHL Aviation]] | [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Trondheim Airport|Trondheim]]
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| [[Emirates SkyCargo]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]],<ref name="skycargo.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.skycargo.com/english/media-centre/media-news-press-details.aspx?id=3641463|title=Media - News & Press Releases - Emirates SkyCargo launches freighter service to Oslo - Emirates SkyCargo|publisher=}}</ref> [[Al Maktoum International Airport|Dubai–Al Maktoum]]<ref name="skycargo.com"/>
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| [[FedEx Express]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]]
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| [[Korean Air Cargo]] | [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]], [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]]
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| [[Qatar Airways Cargo]] | [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]], [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]], [[Liège Airport|Liège]], [[London Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]], [[Luxembourg Findel Airport|Luxembourg]]
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| {{nowrap|[[Posten Norge]]}} <br>{{nowrap|operated by [[West Air Sweden]]}} | [[Ålesund Airport, Vigra|Ålesund]], [[Bergen Airport, Flesland|Bergen]], [[Bodø Airport|Bodø]], [[Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik|Kristiansand]], [[Malmö Airport|Malmö]], [[Molde Airport|Molde]], [[Stavanger Airport, Sola|Stavanger]], [[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]], [[Trondheim Airport, Værnes|Trondheim]]
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| [[UPS Airlines]] | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Malmö Airport|Malmö]]
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| VilleJet Cargo | [[Paris–Orly]]
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}}
 
==Statistics==
Oslo Airport has a [[catchment area (human geography)|catchment area]] of 2.5 million people, including most of [[Eastern Norway]] and 0.3 million people in Sweden.<ref name=stat2010>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/en/osl/businesstobusiness/_airlines/10_Market |title=Market |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn |accessdate=19 January 2010}}</ref> In 2013, Oslo Airport served 22,956,540 passengers, {{convert|119881|t}} of cargo and 234,524 aircraft movements, up from 2012.<ref name=stats>{{cite web |url=http://www.avinor.no/tridionimages/Des%202012_tcm181-153387.xls |title=Flytrafikkstatistikk desember |publisher=[[Avinor]] |language=Norwegian |date=January 2013 |accessdate=30 January 2013}}</ref> Within the [[European Economic Area]] (EEA) in 2013, Oslo Airport ranked as the seventeenth-busiest overall, and the sixth-busiest in domestic traffic. It is the second-busiest airport in the Nordic countries, after [[Copenhagen Airport]]. However, in February 2013, Oslo Airport surpassed Copenhagen airport as the busiest in the Nordic countries for the first month ever. The busiest route is to Trondheim, which with 1.8 million passengers was the tenth-busiest route within the EEA.<ref name=eurostat>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-09-091/EN/KS-SF-09-091-EN.PDF |title=Economic crisis stops air transport growth |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |accessdate=18 January 2010}}</ref> Along with the domestic routes to Bergen and Stavanger, and the international routes to Copenhagen and Stockholm, Oslo Airport served five of the twenty-five busiest routes in the EEA, all with more than one million passengers.<ref name=norskbane>{{cite web |url=http://www.norskbane.no/download.aspx?object_id=E2B677EEC183484295F68F713C258985.pdf |title=Jernbane- og trafikkonsept for Sør- og Midt-Norge |publisher=[[Norsk Bane]] and [[Deutsche Bahn]] |accessdate=18 January 2010 |language=Norwegian}}</ref>
 
The following is a list of the 20 busiest routes to and from Gardermoen during 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avinor.no/en/corporate/airport/oslo/about-us/traffic_statistics/trafikkstatistikk |title=Traffic Statistics |website=avinor.no |publisher=AVINOR |access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
 
<center>
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%" width=align=
|+ '''20 busiest routes to and from Gardermoen (2015)'''
|-
! Rank !! City / Country !! Airport(s) !! Passengers!! Change<br>2014-2015
|-
| 1 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Trondheim]] || [[Trondheim Airport, Værnes|Trondheim]] ||align=right| 1,950,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}1.7%
|-
| 2 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen]] || [[Bergen Airport, Flesland|Bergen]] ||align=right| 1,815,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}{{0}}0.5%
|-
| 3 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Stavanger]] || [[Stavanger Airport, Sola|Stavanger]] ||align=right| 1,521,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}{{0}}4.1%
|-
| 4 || {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Copenhagen]] ||[[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]] ||align=right| 1,439,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}1.8%
|-
| 5 || {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stockholm]]|| [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport|Arlanda]]<br/>||align=right| 1,352,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}1.3%
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Tromsø]] ||[[Tromsø Airport|Tromsø]] ||align=right| 1,112,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}3.1%
|-
| 7 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[London]] || [[Gatwick Airport|Gatwick]]<br/>[[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow]]<br/>||align=right| 1,057,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}1.8%
|-
| 8 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bodø]] || [[Bodø Airport|Bodø]] ||align=right| 760,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}0.8%
|-
| 9 || {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Amsterdam]] || [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Schiphol]] ||align=right| 641,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}4.5%
|-
| 10 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Ålesund]] || [[Ålesund Airport, Vigra|Ålesund]] ||align=right| 592,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}{{0}}0.2%
|-
| 11 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Harstad]] / [[Narvik]] || [[Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes|Harstad / Narvik]] ||align=right| 559,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}0.0%
|-
| 12 || {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Frankfurt]] || [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]] ||align=right| 509,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}6.7%
|-
| 13 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Kristiansand]] || [[Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik|Kristiansand]] ||align=right| 500,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}{{0}}1.0%
|-
| 14 || {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]] || [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Charles de Gaulle]]<br/>[[Orly Airport|Orly]] ||align=right| 454,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}1.9%
|-
| 15 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Haugesund]] ||[[Haugesund Airport, Karmøy|Haugesund]] ||align=right| 439,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}{{0}}0.1%
|-
| 16 || {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Helsinki]] || [[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]] ||align=right| 390,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}{{0}}0.7%
|-
| 17 || {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Molde]] || [[Molde Airport, Årø|Molde]] ||align=right| 372,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}2.6%
|-
| 18 || {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]]|| [[Berlin Schönefeld Airport|Schönefeld]]<br/>[[Berlin Tegel Airport|Tegel]]<br/>||align=right| 372,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}} 20.5%
|-
| 19 || {{flagicon|USA}} [[New York City]]|| [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|JFK]]<br/>[[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]]<br/> ||align=right| 336,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{decrease}}5.0%
|-
| 20 || {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich]] || [[Munich Airport|Munich]] ||align=right| 332,000{{0}}{{0}} || {{0}}{{increase}}{{0}}4.1%
|}
</center>
 
==Ground transportation==
{{See also|Oslo Airport Station}}
[[File:Flytoget at Gardermoen.jpg|thumb|[[GMB Class 71|Class 71]] [[Flytoget|Airport Express Train]] at [[Oslo Airport Station]]]]
Situated about {{convert|47|km}} from the city center,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/en/osl/aboutus/80_Airport+administration |title=Administration |publisher=Oslo Lufthavn |accessdate=19 January 2010}}</ref> Oslo Airport offers extensive public transporting services. The airport has one of the world's highest levels of [[public transport]] usage, with a share of nearly 70%.<ref name="Avinor"/>
 
The {{convert|64|km|mi}} [[Gardermoen Line]] opened the same day as the airport, and runs in a tunnel below the airport facilities, where [[Gardermoen Station]] is located below the terminal. The [[Flytoget]] airport express train operates to [[Oslo Central Station]] six times per hour in 19 to 22 minutes, with three services continuing onwards via five intermediate stations to [[Drammen Station]]. (On Saturdays and Sundays, the frequency is three times per hour.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flytoget.no/Templates/Informasjon.aspx?id=116 |title=Om Flytoget |author=[[Flytoget]] |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109001618/http://flytoget.no/Templates/Informasjon.aspx?id=116 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 9 January 2007}}</ref> The Airport Express Train has a 34% ground transport share.<ref name=pubtrans>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/index.asp?strUrl=//templates/applications/internet/showObject.asp?infoobjectid=1027329&menuid_1=&menuid=&topExpand=&subExpand=&pid_1=&l=&cAD=1000123&languagecode=9 |title=Oslo Airport – Highest figures for use of public transport in Europe |author=Oslo Lufthavn |date=1 September 2007}}</ref>
 
The [[Norwegian State Railways]] (NSB) also operates from the airport, both a [[Oslo Commuter Rail|commuter train]] service to [[Eidsvoll]] and [[Kongsberg]], and a regional service north to [[Oppland]] and [[Hedmark]], and south to [[Vestfold]]. Both offer services to Oslo, and the latter allows direct service to [[Sandefjord Airport, Torp]]. Five daily express trains to [[Trondheim]] stop at the airport, including one [[NSB Night Train|night train]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/index.asp?startID=&strUrl=//templates/applications/internet/showobject.asp?infoobjectid=1005751&cADmain=1000167&menuid=1000470&menuid_1=1000470&topExpand=1000111&subExpand=1000127&pid_1=1000400&l=2 |title=Tog |author=[[Avinor]] |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-24}}</ref>
 
The Oslo Airport Express Coach serves the airport, from Oslo, [[Fredrikstad]], [[Ski]] and [[Gjøvik]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flybussen.no/oslo/ |title=Velkommen til Flybussen i Oslo! |author=Oslo Airport Express Coach |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-24}}</ref> In addition, most express buses from other parts of Norway stop at the airport. The local transport authority, [[Ruter]], operates a number of services to Oslo Airport from nearby places.
 
The airport is located on [[European route E16|European Route E16]], which connects as a four-lane motorway to the [[European route E6|European Route E6]] about {{convert|6|km}} to the east, and continues eastwards to Kongsvinger and Sweden. The E6 runs south with four lanes to Oslo, and northwards with four lanes towards Oppland, Hedmark and Central Norway. E16 connects with two lanes westward as a [[toll road]] towards Southern Oppland.<ref name=bredalroad /> There are 11,400 parking spaces at the airport,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osl.no/index.asp?startID=&strUrl=//templates/applications/internet/showobject.asp?infoobjectid=1006073&showad=1&menuid=1000471&menuid_1=1000471&topExpand=1000111&subExpand=1000152&pid_1=1000400&l=2 |title=Parkering |author=[[Avinor]] |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-24}}</ref> as well as taxi stands and rental car facilities.
 
'''Taxi'''
 
There are several companies offering services at Oslo Airport. In order to check companies, rates and book a taxi, the passenger must go to the information desk at the Arrivals Hall of the airport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oslo-airport.com/transport.php|title=Oslo Airport Transport|website=www.oslo-airport.com|access-date=2016-10-06}}</ref> The taxi rank is located just outside the arrivals hall.
 
==Plans==
Due to a rather rapid increase in passenger numbers recently, the airport has already exceeded its original capacity limit of 17 million passengers and passed critical limit of 20 million in 2011. {{citation needed|date=September 2015}} As a result, the Norwegian Air Transport Authority Avinor approved plans on 19 January 2011 for the expansion of OSL with Terminal 2. Set to be finished in Spring 2017, the expansion includes a new pier located directly after security checkpoint with eleven new air bridges, six remote stands, a new arrivals- and departure-hall and a new baggage handling system. A total of 117 000 square meters will be added to today's 148 000 square meters. Upon completion of this first expansion phase in April 2017, OSL is set to handle approximately 28 million passengers a year. However, despite the North Pier not being finished yet, OSL have invested further plans to expand the international terminal for more direct flights to non-Schengen destinations, and are planning on adding six new gates for long-haul aircraft. The expansion is set to begin after the expansion for 2017, and will be finished between 2019 and 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/7879baae83d04d699715c6ba0f827f80/avinor.pdf |title=Avinor Oslo Airport 1st of July 2016 Update |author=[[Avinor]] |language=English}}</ref>
Once the expansion is finished, the airport will have an opportunity to receive the largest wide-body aircraft on Earth; the [[Airbus A380]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/Gardermoen-utvider-for-a-ta-imot-verdens-storste-passasjerfly-35919b.html |title=Gardermoen utvider for å ta imot verdens største passasjerfly |author=[[Aftenposten]] |date=29 June 2015|language=Norwegian}}</ref> This would fix the issue today where Norwegians are traveling to other international airports for connecting flights to the rest of the world, because OSL is not international enough. <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/Vil-ha-20-nye-interkontinentale-flyruter-til-Oslo-95648b.html |title=Vil ha 20 nye interkontinentale ruter til Oslo |author=[[Aftenposten]] |date=11 February 2014 |language=Norwegian}}</ref> A second phase will be added later on to bring the total capacity to 35 million passengers annually through the T2-project <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airport-business.com/2014/10/the-1-7-bn-euros-expansion-oslo-airport-will-boost-capacity-and-future-proof-growth/ |title=1.7 billion pounds expansion of Oslo Airport will boost capacity and future-proof growth |author=Airport-Business |date=8 October 2014 |language=English}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fjernvarme.no/uploads/userfiles/files/nyvarmepumpehososl.pdf |title=Oslo Lufthavn T2-Prosjektet |author=Fjernvarme |language=Norwegian}}</ref>
If passenger traffic continues to grow and if the capacity will be surpassed beyond the capabilities, OSL and Avinor will call out for a third phase including extension of the North Pier by another 100 metres, adding a third runway with a free-standing pier between it and the existing Eastern runway, and perhaps adding a new terminal to the southeast of the terminal; where Park Inn is located. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tu.no/artikler/bli-med-inn-i-nye-oslo-lufthavn/346697 |title="Bli med i nye Oslo Lufthavn |author=Tu |date=27 April 2016 |language=Norwegian}}</ref>
There are plans for increasing the terminal area by adding a new terminal&nbsp;2 (T2) situated 500 meters north of the present terminal: this is connected by an underground passage and may be completed in 2022 at the earliest. T2 will hold up to eleven new planes. This idea was predicted even before the completion of the airport, it was therefore included in the development plans of the airport as a whole. Also starting in 2009 with the same expected completion date as T2 is a new pier for the current terminal that will hold an additional ten aircraft. This expansion will also include an expansion of the check-in areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/reise/nyheter/article2255387.ece |title=Slik blir nye Gardermoen |author=[[Aftenposten]] |date=27 March 2008 |language=Norwegian}}</ref>
 
The Government of Oslo has debated the opportunity of a third runway in the future, but it is not planned to be completed until 2030 at the earliest. Estimates by Avinor reveals that the existing runway capacity will be saturated by 2030, but critics have pointed out that some much larger airports, such as [[Heathrow Airport]], only have two runways. However, such airports as Heathrow often suffer major delays and saturated runway capacity. Oslo had 234,974 movements against 474,087 on Heathrow in 2015. Former [[Minister of Transport and Communications (Norway)|Minister of Transport]], [[Liv Signe Navarsete]] ([[Centre Party (Norway)|Center]]), has stated that spreading the traffic between the three airports (now two; RYG is closed on permanent basis) will result in inconvenience for air passengers and a massive need for inter-airport ground transportation, but has announced that she is opposed to a third runway. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article1010010.ece |title=Navarsete satser på Gardermoen |author=[[Dagens Næringsliv]] |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2007-02-24}}</ref> Avinor is facing large costs of extending [[STOLport|short runways]] in rural locations or replacing such airports during the 2020 decade, so a third runway at Oslo is less prioritised.
 
==The name==
''Gardermoen'' is a compound of the farm name ''Garder'' and the finite form of ''mo'' 'moor; [[drill ground]]' (thus 'the moor belonging to the farm Garder'). The farm is first mentioned in 1328 (''Garðar''), and the name is the plural of [[Old Norse|Norse]] ''garðr'' '[[fence]]'. The meaning is probably 'enclosure; fenced fields'.
 
==Controversies==
According to [[EUROCONTROL]], the "European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation", Gardermoen had the most delays per flight of all airports in Europe in July 2012. As a consequence of the delays, which apparently were caused by a lack of air traffic controllers, several airlines are demanding [[Norwegian krone|NOK]] 100 million in compensation from [[Avinor]]. The head of Avinor said that the agency may pay compensation to the airlines, also saying that "they did not get a good enough product last summer".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/09/10/airlines-demand-compensation-for-air-traffic-control-delays/|title=Airlines demand compensation for air traffic control delays|publisher=|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref>
 
==See also==
{{Portal|Norway|Aviation}}
*[[Moss Airport, Rygge|Oslo-Rygge Airport]]
*[[Sandefjord Airport, Torp|Oslo-Torp Airport]]
*[[Oslo Airport, Fornebu|Oslo-Fornebu Airport]]
*[[Gardermoen Air Station]]
*[[Oslo Airport Station|Oslo Airport Station (railways)]]
*[[Gardermoen Police Station (Oslo Airport)]]
*[[List of airports in Norway]]
 
==References==
 
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |title=Oslo lufthavn Gardermoen: Porten til Norge |last=Bredal |first=Dag |year=1998 |publisher=Schibsted |language=Norwegian |isbn=82-516-1719-7}}
* {{cite book |title=Oslo lufthavn Fornebu 1939–1989 |last=Wisting |first=Tor |year=1989 |publisher=TWK-forlaget |language=Norwegian |isbn=82-90884-00-1}}
 
== External links ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Oslo Airport, Gardermoen}}<br>
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Gardermoen}}
* [http://www.osl.no/en/osl Official site] <!--dead links:{{avinor link|oslo|Oslo}}-->
* {{AIP_NO|ENGM|name=OSL}}
* {{SkyVector|ENGM}}
* {{NWS-current|ENGM}}
* {{ASN|OSL}}
 
{{Airports in Norway}}
{{Flytoget}}
 
[[Category:Transport in Oslo]]
[[Category:Airports in Akershus]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1998]]
[[Category:Avinor airports]]
[[Category:Flytoget]]
[[Category:Ullensaker]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:Modernist architecture in Scandinavia]]
[[Category:Oslo Airport, Gardermoen| ]]

Latest revision as of 12:06, 3 April 2017

Oslo Airport Airport code OSL Gardermoen

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